Black Market (Gambling)Operators serving a jurisdiction without holding its licence, in breach of that market's law — as opposed to the licensed market or the ambiguous grey market.core
ChannelisationThe share of a jurisdiction's gambling activity that takes place with licensed, regulated operators rather than on the unlicensed black market — a key measure of a regime's real-world effectiveness.core
Curaçao LicenceA Curaçao Licence is a long-standing offshore online-gambling permit issued from the Caribbean country of Curaçao that is cheap and fast to obtain, and that historically let a single licence cover every game type — which is why many online operators have used it.core
Gambling MonopolyA market model in which a single operator — usually state-owned — holds exclusive rights to offer some or all gambling, instead of the market being opened to competitive licensing.core
Gibraltar LicensingA gambling operating licence issued by the Government of Gibraltar under its Gambling Act 2005, historically favoured by large, established operators — many of them UK-facing.advanced
Grey MarketA grey market is a country or region where online gambling is neither officially licensed nor clearly banned, so operators serve players in a legal grey zone.advanced
Licence TetheringA requirement — common in US states — that an online gambling licence be tied to an existing land-based casino, which holds the licence and partners with online brands ('skins').advanced
Malta Gaming AuthorityThe Malta Gaming Authority (MGA) is Malta's government regulator that licenses and supervises remote and land-based gambling operators, and is one of the most widely used licensing bases for companies serving European markets.core
PASPAA 1992 US federal law that effectively banned state-authorised sports betting nationwide, struck down by the Supreme Court in 2018 — opening the door to state-by-state legal sports betting.advanced
Point of ConsumptionThe regulatory principle that an operator must be licensed by — and pay tax to — the jurisdiction where the customer is located, regardless of where the operator itself is based.core
Remote GamblingGambling you take part in remotely — over the internet, by phone, or through other electronic means — rather than in person at a physical venue.core
UIGEAA 2006 US federal law that prohibits gambling businesses from knowingly accepting payments connected to unlawful online bets — targeting the money flow rather than the individual bettor.advanced
UK Gambling CommissionThe government body that licenses and polices gambling businesses in Great Britain, setting the rules operators must follow to stay legal.core
Wire ActA 1961 US federal law barring the use of wire communications to transmit interstate sports bets; a 2011 opinion limited it to sports betting, enabling intrastate online casino and poker.advanced
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